Welcome to the Patient Education Library of Spine Specialists of Boston
We invite you to explore our comprehensive list of resources and educational materials designed to help educate you about your spinal condition or treatment. Simply click on a topic below to learn more.
If you have any questions or concerns regarding your neck or back condition or treatment or would like to schedule an appointment with our spine doctor, call Spine Specialists of Boston in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, at (617) 860-6388.
This information is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It should not be used in place of an individual consultation, examination, or the medical advice of your doctor. This information should not be relied upon to determine a diagnosis or course of treatment.
- Aquatic TherapyOrthopaedic conditions, medical conditions, and neurological disorders may reduce your ability to bear weight on your legs, tolerate the impact exercise on land, or move against the forces of gravity. Aquatic therapy is a rehabilitation option that allows people to ... Read More
- ArthritisArthritis is a common disease that causes joint pain, stiffness, immobility, and swelling. Arthritis is actually a term for a group of over 100 diseases that affect the muscle and skeletal system, particularly the joints. Arthritis alters the cartilage in ... Read More
- Arthrocentesis - Pain ManagementArthrocentesis or aspiration is a treatment to relieve joint pain and swelling. Arthrocentesis is appropriate for larger joints including the knee, hip, sacroiliac, shoulder, elbow, and wrist. It is useful for treating joint swelling caused by infection, gout, and rheumatoid ... Read More
- Artificial Cervical Disc Replacement Degenerative disc disease is a common source of neck pain. It is a condition that causes the discs in the spine to deteriorate or break down. Artificial cervical disc replacement can be an alternative to spinal fusion surgery (ACDF) for ... Read More
- Artificial Lumbar Disc ReplacementDegenerative disc disease is a common cause of chronic low back pain. It is a condition that causes the discs in the spine to deteriorate or break down. Artificial lumbar disc replacement can be an alternative to spinal fusion surgery ... Read More
- BOTOX for Pain ManagementBOTOX® is useful for more than smoothing out wrinkles. In fact, it is indicated for treating painful muscle spasms and contractions in the neck (cervical dystonia), tension headaches, migraine headaches, back pain, and myofascial pain. BOTOX injections are used to ... Read More
- Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease - Spinal Cord and Nerve CompressionCervical degenerative disc disease is a condition that can compress the spinal cord and nerves in the neck. Intervertebral discs are shock-absorbing pads located between vertebrae, the small bones that make up your spine. Aging can cause the discs to ... Read More
- Cervical Facet Radiofrequency Neurotomy - NeckCervical facet radiofrequency neurotomy (facet rhizotomy) is used to treat nerve pain in the neck and/or shoulder. This technique is useful for those patients who experience short term relief following local anesthetic blocks of the nerves supplying the cervical facet ... Read More
- Cervical Radiculopathy - Cervical Nerve CompressionCervical radiculopathy is a condition that results when a nerve is pinched or irritated as it leaves the spine in the neck. Nerves from the spinal cord exit at various levels from the spine and travel throughout the body. With ... Read More
- Cervical Selective Nerve Root Block - NeckA cervical selective nerve root block is used to diagnose and in some cases, treat nerve pain in the neck. A variety of conditions can affect the nerves in the neck, which not only can cause pain in the neck, ... Read More
- Cervical Spondylitic Myelopathy - Spinal Cord CompressionCervical spondylitic myelopathy is a condition that affects the spinal cord in the neck. It is the most common spinal cord disorder in the United States. Cervical spondylitic myelopathy most frequently occurs in adults because of degenerative changes in the ... Read More
- Coccydynia - Tailbone PainCoccydynia is an uncommon painful condition that originates from the coccyx, the tailbone at the end of the spine. Trauma and falls are the most frequent causes of coccydynia. In the vast majority of cases, nonsurgical treatment, such as medications ... Read More
- Cold TherapyCold therapy is a non-surgical non-medication modality used to help relieve pain and swelling. Cold therapy is commonly used immediately following an injury. There are many forms of cold therapy, including ice massage, commercial cold packs, or ice packs. Your doctor ... Read More
- Costovertebral BlockYour ribs are joined to your spine by the costovertebral joints in your upper back. A variety of conditions can cause pain in this area. A costovertebral block is a procedure that is used both to diagnose and treat the source ... Read More
- Degenerative Disc Disease - Spine DegenerationDegenerative Disc Disease is a condition that causes the intervertebral discs in the spine to deteriorate or break down. Intervertebral discs are the shock-absorbing pads located between your vertebrae. The vertebrae are the series of bones that make up your ... Read More
- DiscographyDiscography is a diagnostic procedure to help identify the source of back or neck pain. Discs are cushions located between the bones that make up your spine. Normally, discs act as shock-absorbers to protect the bones in the spine. Aging or ... Read More
- Electrotherapy - Pain ManagementElectrotherapy is a treatment method that can help reduce acute and chronic pain. It may be especially helpful immediately following an injury. Electrotherapy involves stimulating nerve fibers with small electrical currents. The electrical stimulation may promote the release of natural pain ... Read More
- Epidural Injections - Low Back (Lumbar)Epidural injections are a non-surgical treatment option for low back (lumbar) pain and pain radiating into the legs. The procedure involves delivering pain relieving medications directly to or near the source of the pain in the spine during a short ... Read More
- Epidural Injections - Neck (Cervical Transforaminal Steroid Injection)Cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections are a non-surgical option to ease pain in the neck, shoulder and upper extremity. The neck is a vulnerable part of the spine and is susceptible to injury and degeneration. A variety of conditions can ... Read More
- Epidural Injections - Upper Back (Thoracic)Epidural injections are a non-surgical treatment option for upper back (thoracic) pain. The procedure involves delivering pain-relieving medications directly to or near the source of the pain in the spine during a short outpatient procedure. Epidural injections can be very ... Read More
- Exercise Therapy - Pain ManagementExercise therapy focuses on helping the body function at a higher level of efficiency. Exercise is important for helping all body systems function optimally while preventing injury, pain, and deterioration. Exercise therapy may help improve flexibility, strength, endurance, and posture. ... Read More
- Facet Injections - Pain ManagementFacet injections are non-surgical treatments to relieve pain and inflammation of the facet joints in the spine. Facet joints are located on the top and bottom of each vertebra. Facet joints connect the vertebrae to form the spine and allow ... Read More
- Facet Joint Syndrome - Pain ManagementThe facet joints connect the bones that align to make up the spine. Healthy facet joints glide freely and allow movement. The natural aging process, injury, arthritis, and certain spine conditions can change the way that the facet joints move and ... Read More
- FibromyalgiaFibromyalgia is a chronic condition that causes widespread pain and tender points on muscles. Although the exact cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, there appear to be several factors that may contribute to it. In addition to lifestyle changes and physical ... Read More
- FluoroscopyA fluoroscopy is a live X-ray that creates real-time images. It is especially useful for diagnosing upper or lower digestive tract disorders (barium enema, barium swallow) or joint problems (arthrography). The live images can help a doctor determine how a ... Read More
- FracturesBones are the hardest tissues in your body. Although bones are strong, they can split or break under too much pressure or force. A broken bone is called a fracture. Fractures can occur in a variety of ... Read More
- Herniated Disc - Pain ManagementA herniated disc, also called a “ruptured” disc, is a common source of neck or lower back pain. Discs are cushion-like pads that are located between the series of small bones that make up the spine. A herniated disc occurs ... Read More
- Herniated Disc Cervical/ACDF - Slipped Disc in the NeckA herniated or “ruptured” disc is a common source of neck pain and arm pain. Discs are the shock-absorbing pads that are between vertebrae, the series of small bones that make up your spine. Your cervical spine is located in ... Read More
- Interscalene Brachial Plexus BlockAn interscalene brachial plexus block uses injected medication to numb the shoulder and upper arm prior to surgical procedures or repositioning (reduction) of a dislocated shoulder. An interscalene brachial plexus block delivers numbing medication to nerves in the shoulder and ... Read More
- Laminaplasty- Cervical Spine - Pain ManagementThe cervical spine is composed of a series of small bones in your neck. Your spinal cord is located in an opening inside of the bones. The spinal cord and spinal nerves exchange information between your brain and body. Certain ... Read More
- Low Back PainThe vertebrae in your lower back are larger than in any other part of your spine. Vertebrae are the series of bones that align to form your spine. The spinal section in your lower back is called the lumbar spine. ... Read More
- Lumbar DiscectomyThe regions of the spine are defined by their vertebral curvature and function. Vertebrae are the bones that align to make up your spine. The lumbar spine is located in your lower back. The main function of the lumbar spine ... Read More
- Lumbar Radiofrequency Neurotomy - Pain ManagementLumbar radiofrequency neurotomy (facet rhizotomy) is used to treat nerve pain that originates in the spine joints of the lower back. Lumbar radiofrequency neurotomy is useful for people that experienced relief following nerve blocks to the area. The procedure “turns ... Read More
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging procedure that produces very detailed pictures of internal body structures. It is a non-invasive method that allows doctors to check for abnormalities and diagnose medical conditions, such as blood clots, tumors, and orthopedic ... Read More
- Massage TherapyGood circulation is an important element of whole body health. Massage therapy can help stimulate and improve circulation to remove the collections of waste products in lymph that cause discomfort. It can help to relieve pain and stiffness and improve ... Read More
- Minimally Invasive Lateral Access Spine SurgeryIn the past, spinal fusion surgery meant large incisions, muscle detachment and lengthy recoveries. Innovations in spine surgery instruments and surgical techniques provide a much more pleasant experience for patients requiring spine surgery. Minimally invasive lateral access spine surgery (lateral ... Read More
- Minimally Invasive Posterior Fusion Spine SurgerySpinal fusion surgery is used to secure two bones together in the spine for people with back pain or spine instability. Traditional spinal fusion surgeries required a large incision, muscle stripping, and lengthy hospital stays. Advancements in spine surgery have ... Read More
- Neck PainThe neck is a very vulnerable part of the spine. It is susceptible to injury. Muscle, ligament, nerve, and spine injuries are common causes of neck pain. Poor posture and “wear and tear” can also cause neck pain. Degenerative diseases, ... Read More
- Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) Test A Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) Test is an electrodiagnostic procedure that measures how well a nerve works and helps to specify the site of nerve compression. Nerves carry messages between the brain and body. Many conditions, such as tissue swelling, ... Read More
- Pain Management - An OverviewPain management for orthopedic conditions consists of a variety of treatments aimed at reducing pain. There are many types and causes of orthopedic pain. Orthopedic pain is commonly caused by injury and aging. Back pain may result from irritated or ... Read More
- Pain Management - ArthrocentesisArthrocentesis or aspiration is a treatment to relieve joint pain and swelling. Arthrocentesis is appropriate for larger joints including the knee, hip, sacroiliac, shoulder, elbow and wrist. It is useful for treating joint swelling caused by infection, gout, and rheumatoid ... Read More
- Pain Management - Facet InjectionsFacet injections are non-surgical treatments to relieve pain and inflammation of the facet joints in the spine. Facet joints are located on the top and bottom of each vertebra. Facet joints connect the vertebrae to form the spine and allow ... Read More
- Pain Management - ProlotherapyProlotherapy is an alternative treatment for weakened or injured ligaments and tendons. Ligaments are strong tissues that connect bones to bones. They do not have an excellent blood supply, but they have many nerves that can cause pain, if injured. ... Read More
- Pain Management - Trigger Point InjectionsTrigger point injections are used to relieve extremely painful areas of muscle. Trigger points are very tight bands or small areas of a muscle that are very sensitive to touch and pressure. The trigger point can irritate surrounding nerves and ... Read More
- Pain Management - Viscosupplementation TherapyViscosupplementation therapy is a treatment for knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a common type of arthritis that causes bone degeneration and synovial fluid reduction. Synovial fluid acts as a shock absorber and lubricant in the knee joint. Arthritis and a decrease ... Read More
- Pediatrics - FracturesBones are the hardest tissues in the body. Although bones are strong, they can split or break under too much pressure or force. A broken bone is called a fracture. Fractures can occur in a variety of ways. The most ... Read More
- Pediatrics - Scoliosis, Curvature of the SpineScoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine. A healthy spine has natural front to back curves. Scoliosis is a condition that describes side to side curvatures of the spine, which often also involves rotational deformities. Some people are born ... Read More
- Percutaneous Disc NucleoplastyIntervertebral discs are cushion-like structures that are located between the bones that make up the spine. Under certain conditions, the discs can bulge and cause back pain. Percutaneous disc nucleoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to reduce the pressure inside ... Read More
- Peripheral NeuropathyPeripheral neuropathy is a symptom rather than a disease in itself. It occurs when nerves are damaged resulting in pain and loss of function, such as motor movement or the sense of touch. Peripheral neuropathy commonly develops in the longest ... Read More
- Physical Therapy: An OverviewAn injury, illness, chemotherapy, bed rest, inactivity, or disease may change the amount of control that you have over moving your body. Alterations in your health status may result in poor endurance, decreased muscle movement, paralysis, and loss of balance, ... Read More
- Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) TherapyPlatelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy is a cutting-edge procedure that is revolutionizing the field of orthopedic medicine. PRP therapy is a new treatment that relieves pain and promotes long lasting healing of musculoskeletal conditions. PRP Therapy uses components of the body’s ... Read More
- Preparing for SurgerySurgery can be an overwhelming experience. It is important to go into your surgery feeling secure and confident. This guide will help you to understand what to expect. Understand the procedureTalk to your doctor. Learn what to expect before, during ... Read More
- Progressive StrengtheningProgressive strengthening exercises are used in rehabilitation to increase muscle strength, tone, size, and function. Progressive strengthening is also referred to as “progressive resistance,” “exercise progression,” and the “overload principle.” Injury, disease, and neurological disorders, such as stroke or traumatic ... Read More
- Prolotherapy - Pain ManagementProlotherapy is an alternative treatment for weakened or injured ligaments and tendons. Ligaments are strong tissues that connect bones to bones. They do not have an excellent blood supply, but they have many nerves that can cause pain, if injured. ... Read More
- SciaticaThe sciatic nerve is the thickest and longest nerve in your body. The sciatic nerve extends from your lower back down to your feet. If the sciatic nerve is compressed or inflamed, a painful condition called Sciatica can result. Symptoms ... Read More
- Scoliosis - Curvature of the SpineScoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine. A healthy spine has natural front to back curves. Scoliosis is a condition that describes side to side curvatures of the spine, that often also involve rotational deformities. Some people are born ... Read More
- Spinal (Lumbar) Fusion/Lumbar Spinal Stenosis - Pinched Nerves in the BackThe low back is a common place to experience pain. This area of the back is called the lumbar spine. The main function of the lumbar spine is to support the weight of your upper body. The joints of the ... Read More
- Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) for Pain ReliefIntroductionSpinal cord stimulation is a pain relieving treatment for chronic back pain. Spinal cord stimulation can be useful for some people that have failed other forms of treatment. The stimulator is a small device that is surgically placed beneath the ... Read More
- Spinal StenosisThe lower back is a common place to experience pain and discomfort. The lumbar spine is located in your lower back. The bones align to form the spine. Aging, arthritis, and degenerative conditions can cause the bones to change shape and ... Read More
- Spondylolisthesis - Slipped VertebraeSmall bones, called vertebrae, align to form the spine in your back. A healthy spine supports the body, while allowing movement. Spondylolisthesis occurs when age or injury causes a vertebra in the lower back to slip forward and out of ... Read More
- Spondylolysis - Stress Fracture of Spine- Pain ManagementAdolescents that participate in high impact sports and adults with physically demanding jobs have the greatest risk of spondylolysis, a type of stress fracture in the lower part of the spine. Spondylolysis may or may not cause symptoms, such as ... Read More
- Spondylolysis - Stress Fracture of the SpineSpondylolysis is a term to describe a stress fracture that occurs in the vertebrae of the lower spine. Vertebrae are the series of bones that make up your spine. Spondylolysis can result from excessive and repetitive forces during ... Read More
- Sprains & StrainsSprains and strains are common injuries that can happen to anyone, but occur most frequently in people who participate in sports, perform repetitive activities, or are at-risk for falls. Sprains involve the tissues that connect bones together (ligaments). Strains involve ... Read More
- Stellate Ganglion BlockA stellate ganglion block is an injection used to diagnose or treat certain nerve conditions. The stellate ganglion is a group of nerves located at the front of the neck. A stellate ganglion block is used to prevent pain signals from ... Read More
- TendonitisTendonitis is an inflammatory condition that can develop in a tendon. Tendons are strong fibers that connect your muscles to your bones. Tendonitis most frequently results from overuse of a joint. Symptoms include pain and tenderness. Most cases of tendonitis ... Read More
- Thoracic Facet Radiofrequency Neurotomy - Upper BackThoracic facet radiofrequency neurotomy (facet rhizotomy) is used to treat nerve pain in the upper back after other forms of treatment have failed. The procedure “turns off” the specific nerve that carries information about pain. The treatment provides pain relief for ... Read More
- Trigger Points & Trigger Point InjectionsA trigger point is a small area in a muscle that is very sensitive to touch or pressure. It can be extremely painful. Injury, overexertion, muscle tension, and muscle spasms are common causes of trigger points. They most frequently occur ... Read More
- WhiplashWhiplash occurs when the head moves suddenly from severe impact, such as during a car crash. Whiplash can cause neck pain, upper back pain, shoulder pain, tight muscles, and burning or tingling sensations in your neck or upper back. Most ... Read More
- Whiplash - Chiropractic TreatmentNeck and upper back pain may occur immediately or in a somewhat delayed fashion after an auto crash. If you have neck pain, upper back pain, shoulder pain, tight muscles, and burning or tingling sensations in your neck or upper ... Read More
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This information is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It should not be used in place of an individual consultation or examination or replace the advice of your health care professional and should not be relied upon to determine diagnosis or course of treatment.
The iHealthSpot patient education library was written collaboratively by the iHealthSpot editorial team which includes Senior Medical Authors Dr. Mary Car-Blanchard, OTD/OTR/L and Valerie K. Clark, and the following editorial advisors: Steve Meadows, MD, Ernie F. Soto, DDS, Ronald J. Glatzer, MD, Jonathan Rosenberg, MD, Christopher M. Nolte, MD, David Applebaum, MD, Jonathan M. Tarrash, MD, and Paula Soto, RN/BSN. This content complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. The library commenced development on September 1, 2005 with the latest update/addition on April 13th, 2016. For information on iHealthSpot’s other services including medical website design, visit www.iHealthSpot.com.
